EO-14360
Modifying the Scope of the Reciprocal Tariffs With Respect to Certain Agricultural Products
- Signed
- Nov 14, 2025
- Published
- Nov 25, 2025
Federal Register: 2025-21203
Source: Federal Register.
Removes Certain Agricultural Products from Reciprocal Tariffs
What it does
This order removes a specific list of agricultural products from the reciprocal tariffs that were imposed under EO 14257 (April 2025), which had declared a national emergency over U.S. trade deficits. It updates the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States accordingly and applies retroactively to goods entered on or after November 13, 2025. U.S. Customs and Border Protection is directed to refund any duties already collected on the newly exempted products.
Who benefits
U.S. food importers and distributors who source the exempted agricultural products from abroad. Grocery retailers and food manufacturers that rely on imported agricultural inputs, potentially facing lower input costs. Consumers who may see lower prices on food products tied to the exempted goods. Foreign agricultural exporters whose products are removed from the tariff list. Trading partners currently in negotiations with the U.S., who may view the exemptions as a goodwill gesture.
Who is affected
Domestic agricultural producers who compete directly with the newly exempted imported products, as they lose the price advantage the tariffs had provided. Farm workers and rural communities whose livelihoods depend on domestic production of the exempted crops or goods. U.S. agricultural producers who remain subject to retaliatory tariffs from trading partners but no longer benefit from equivalent protection on their competing imports. The federal Treasury, which would collect less tariff revenue on the exempted goods and must process refunds for duties already paid.
Supporters argue
Supporters argue that selectively exempting agricultural products where domestic supply is insufficient to meet demand prevents price spikes and supply shortages for American consumers and food manufacturers. They contend that IEEPA grants the president broad authority to adjust trade measures during a declared national emergency, and that targeted exemptions are a standard and legally sound tool for calibrating tariff policy to real-world supply conditions and ongoing trade negotiations.
Opponents argue
Opponents argue that carving out specific agricultural products undermines the stated purpose of the original tariffs — reducing trade deficits and pressuring trading partners — by selectively relieving import competition for certain industries while others remain burdened. They contend that using IEEPA to manage routine trade and agricultural policy may exceed the statute's intended scope, and that under the major-questions doctrine, such sweeping and ongoing tariff adjustments may require clearer congressional authorization than IEEPA provides.
Constitutional basis
Executive orders rest on constitutional authority or statutory delegation. This summary describes the legal grounding cited or implied by the order.
The order cites the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), 50 U.S.C. §1701 et seq., and the National Emergencies Act (NEA), 50 U.S.C. §1601 et seq., as the primary statutory delegations of authority, building on the national emergency declared in EO 14257. It also cites Section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. §2483) and 3 U.S.C. §301 (general presidential delegation authority), grounding the order in both Article II foreign-affairs power and congressional trade delegations.